|
Since 2001, Palestinian militants have launched thousands〔〔〔〔 of rocket and mortar attacks on Israel from the Gaza Strip as part of the continuing Arab–Israeli conflict. the attacks have killed 50 people, and injured more than 1900 people, but their main effect is their creation of widespread psychological trauma and disruption of daily life among the Israeli populace.〔 Medical studies in Sderot, the Israeli city closest to the Gaza Strip, have documented a post-traumatic stress disorder incidence among young children of almost 50%, as well as high rates of depression and miscarriage.〔(Report: Missiles on Sderot increase miscarriages ), Jerusalem Post 24-02-2013〕〔(Study: Half of Sderot's toddlers suffering from PTSD ), Ynet News 30-06-2009〕〔(Israeli survey: Almost half of Sderot preteens show symptoms of PTSD ), Haaretz 20-11-2012〕 A public opinion poll conducted in March 2013 found that most Palestinians do not support firing rockets at Israel from the Gaza Strip.〔 Another poll conducted in September 2014 found that 80% of Palestinians support firing rockets against Israel if it does not allow unfettered access to Gaza.〔(80% of Palestinians Support Resumption of Rocket Fire Against Israel: New Poll ), Algemeiner Journal 30-09-2014〕 These rocket attacks have caused flight cancellations at Ben Gurion airport.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Rocket fire targets Tel Aviv airport as Air Canada flight due to land )〕 The weapons, often generically referred to as Qassams, were initially crude and short-range, mainly affecting Sderot and other communities bordering the Gaza Strip. In 2006, more sophisticated rockets began to be deployed, reaching the larger coastal city of Ashkelon, and by early 2009 major cities Ashdod and Beersheba had been hit by Katyusha, WS-1B and Grad rockets.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=רקטות גראד נורו לדרום, לראשונה: גם לרמת הנגב )〕 In 2012, Jerusalem and Israel's commercial center Tel Aviv were targeted with locally made "M-75" and Iranian Fajr-5 rockets, respectively,〔(Two rockets land outside J'lem; two fired at TA ), Jerusalem Post 16-11-2012〕 and in July 2014, the northern city of Haifa was targeted for the first time. A few projectiles have contained white phosphorus.〔('Phosphorus mortar shell detected in Negev ' ), Ynetnews Jan 14 , 2009〕〔('We used phosphorus fired in Gaza war' ) Ynetnews September 16, 2010〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=White phosphorus found in mortar shells fired from Gaza )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Eshkol council head files UN complaint over mortar fire )〕〔http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/CA12E21FA366C920852571C500533C8D〕 Attacks have been carried out by all Palestinian armed groups,〔 and, prior to the 2008–2009 Gaza War, were consistently supported by most Palestinians,〔〔〔〔(Palestinian – Israeli Joint Press Release ), PSR – Survey Research Unit 24-03-2008〕 although the stated goals have been mixed. The attacks, widely condemned for targeting civilians, have been described as terrorism by United Nations, European Union and Israeli officials, and are defined as war crimes by human rights groups Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. The international community considers indiscriminate attacks on civilians and civilian structures that do not discriminate between civilians and military targets illegal under international law. Israeli defenses constructed specifically to deal with the weapons include fortifications for schools and bus stops as well as an alarm system named Red Color. Iron Dome, a system to intercept short-range rockets, was developed by Israel and first deployed in the spring of 2011 to protect Beersheba and Ashkelon, but officials and experts warned that it would not be completely effective. Shortly thereafter, it intercepted a Palestinian Grad rocket for the first time.〔(Iron Dome successfully intercepts Gaza rocket for first time ), Haaretz 07-04-2011〕 In the cycle of violence, rocket attacks alternate with Israeli military actions. From the outbreak of the Al Aqsa Intifada (September 30, 2000) through March 2013, 8,749 rockets and 5,047 mortar shells were fired on Israel, while Israel has conducted several military operations in the Gaza Strip, among them Operation Rainbow (2004), Operation Days of Penitence (2004), Operation Summer Rains (2006), Operation Autumn Clouds (2006), Operation Hot Winter (2008), Operation Cast Lead (2009), Operation Pillar of Defense (2012), and Operation Protective Edge (2014). One joint Israeli-European study (2009) concluded that Israel is responsible for 79% of disruptions of the lull in hostilities, while Hamas and other factions were responsible for 8% of such violations.〔Nancy Kanwisher, Johannes Haushofer, & Anat Biletzki, ('Reigniting Violence: How Do Ceasefires End?,' ) Huffington Post 6 February 2009〕 ==Overview== Attacks began in 2001. Since then (August 2014 data), almost 20,000 rockets have hit southern Israel,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Operation Protective Edge )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Operation Protective Edge in numbers )〕 all but a few thousand of them since Israel withdrew from the Gaza Strip in August 2005. Hamas justified these as counter-attacks to the Israeli blockade of Gaza. The rockets have killed 28 people and injured hundreds more. The range of the rockets has increased over time. The original Qassam rocket has a range of about but more advanced rockets, including versions of the old Soviet Grad or Katyusha have hit Israeli targets from Gaza.〔(Q&A: Gaza conflict ), BBC News 18-01-2009〕 Some analysts see the attacks as a shift away from reliance on suicide bombing, which was previously Hamas's main method of attacking Israel, as an adoption of the rocket tactics used by Lebanese group Hezbollah.〔(Hamas Adopting Rocket Tactics Used by Hezbollah ), FOX News 31-12-2008〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|